Taiwan First F-16 Viper
全球第一架F-16 Viper
F-16 from Hill AFB, UT flying over the desert with two fuel tanks, bombs and missiles.
來自猶他州希爾空軍基地的F-16飛機帶著兩輛燃料箱，炸彈和導彈飛越了災難現場。
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Overview 概述
The F-16 Fighting Falcon is one of the most iconic fighter aircraft ever produced.
Compact and maneuverable it continues to be a popular choice for many nations to use.
Although the official name of the F-16 is the fighting falcon, many pilots and crew call it the viper.
Most aircraft have nicknames that people use instead of their official name.
The F-16 earned the name viper because it slightly looks like a viper snake and a spaceship from the TV series “Battlestar Galactica” which was popular in the 70’s.
The first F-16A flew in 1976 and was delivered to Hill AFB in 1979.
Since then many upgrades, iterations, and configurations have been introduced to keep this aircraft effective.
There are many other bases F-16’s operate from too but those are the main ones that are operational
Shaw AFB, SC; Nellis AFB, NV; Eilson AFB ,AK,
Kunsan AB, South Korea; Osan AB, South Korea;
Aviano AB, Italy; Spangdahlem AB, Germany,
Misawa AB, Japan; Chiayi AB, Taiwan.
Some test bases include
Edwards AFB, CA and Eglin AFB, FL.
說到F-16 戰隼戰鬥機可說是飛機中最具代表性的戰鬥機啦！
微型設計和易操作特點讓它成為許多國家點名指定要軍購的戰鬥機 🤩
儘管，這架戰鬥機被關方稱作F-16戰隼戰鬥機，
但許多機組人員稱它為”Viper”(中文為毒蛇)，
*特別說名一下，
很多人會用容易且好念的小名來稱呼每架飛機，並不會特別去稱呼他的官方名，
Q. F-16就得到Viper的稱號，
A. 是由一部1970年代的電視劇“星際大爭霸” F-16外型像極了裡面的雷蛇和太空梭，因此得名。👆🏻請參考上圖
第一架的F-16A在1976年正式起飛並且在1979年交付於猶他州的希爾空軍基地。
至此之後，多了許多升級F-16的計畫兼容不同的配置為了就是讓這架機型可以更有效彈性的發揮。
目前F-16在全球空軍執勤的基地廣泛，
包含：
南卡羅來納州的肖空空軍基地、內華達州的奈利斯空軍基地、阿拉斯加州的埃爾森空軍基地
義大利的阿維亞諾空軍基地、德國的斯潘達勒姆空軍基地
南韓群山空軍基地、烏山空軍基地
日本的三澤空軍基地、台灣的嘉義空軍基地。
有更多的F-16正在其他國家，列出來的是目前比較大型在運行中的。
另外還有包括測試F-16的基地有：
加州的愛德華空軍基地、佛羅里達州的恩格林空軍基地。
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Let’s take a look at some characteristics:
現在一起來看看這架F-16的特點：
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在進入我們主題之前
我們來瞧瞧今日會了解到的內容：
- 任務
- 進攻/防禦對空
- 戰鬥空中巡邏
- 近距離空中支援
- 制止敵方防空（SEAD）
- 空中偵察
- F-16的ABC批次
- 台灣的VIper型號有什麼不同於一般的F-16
- ACGAS功能
- 雷鳥
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Missions 任務
Originally the F-16 was conceived as an inexpensive, highly maneuverable, lightweight fighter that had excellent air-to-air capabilities.
Interestingly, the modern viper is capable of doing much more than it was planned to,
including
Offensive/defensive counter air
Combat air patrol
Close air support
suppression of enemy air defenses and
aerial reconnaissance.
These aren’t the only things it does but we’ll focus on these for now.
F-16最初被認為是廉價，高度機動，輕型的戰鬥機，具有出色的空對空能力。
有趣的是，現代Viper的功能遠遠超出了當初計劃的功能，
包括
進攻型/防禦制空
戰鬥空中巡邏
近距離空中支援
對敵防空系統的壓制以及
空中偵察。
這些不是它唯一能做的事情，但我們先重點關注這些。
The YF-16 was the prototype F-16 designed by General Dynamics before the contract moved to Lockheed.
YF-16是通用流動公司在還沒把承包商移交給洛克希德·馬丁公司前設計F-16的原型(Source)
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Offensive/Defensive Counter Air 進攻/防禦對空
(Source)
Offensive counter air is used to suppress an enemies’ air power.
This is done by attacking ground targets such as enemy air bases,
disabling or destroying aircraft on the ground, or any resources used to support aircraft.
Defensive counter air is the opposite and used to prevent the enemy from their use of offensive counter air.
進攻型制空，是用來抑制敵人空中的攻擊。
這個意思即是攻擊地面目標(例如敵方空軍基地)，
破壞或摧毀地面上的飛機或用於支持飛機的任何資源來實現的。
反之，防禦型制空，是用於防止敵人使用進攻性對抗空中。
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Combat Air Patrol 戰鬥空中巡邏
One way to do defensive counter air is the use of combat air patrol.
F-16’s can patrol and defend an area from enemies.
Some examples include flying escort missions for other aircraft or defending ground troops/bases from aerial threats.
進行防禦性對空的一種方法是使用戰鬥空中巡邏。
F-16可以巡邏並防禦敵人，像是如果有人悄悄地到了本國領空，F-16可以馬上升空去警告。
一些例子包括為其他飛機執行的陪同飛行任務或保護地面部隊/基地免受空中威脅。
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Close Air Support 近距離空中支援
Close air support (CAS) supports ground forces by providing air-strikes or other offensive capabilities against enemies.
The A-10 excels at CAS but the F-16 has been known to do CAS missions as well.
近距離空中支援(CAS)，向敵人提供空襲或其他進攻能力來支持地面部隊。
A-10在CAS方面表現出色，但F-16也曾執行CAS任務。
*A-10C雷霆二式攻擊機（ Thunderbolt II ）的機翼更新變鯊魚臉
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Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) 制止敵方防空
One of the biggest threats to aircraft are surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) or anti-aircraft artillery.
SEAD is used to counter these threats by suppressing and destroying them.
During the vietnam war the “Wild Weasel” concept was used to detect and destroy SAMs because they were causing so much damage to allied aircraft.
Jets would purposefully fly in the radar zones of SAMs to detect them and reveal themselves.
When this happened, friendly aircraft could see the SAMs too and fire their missiles at them.
Basically one aircraft would act as the bait while the other would shoot.
飛機的最大威脅之是地對空飛彈（SAM）或防空砲火。
SEAD用於通過壓制和銷毀這些威脅來應對它們。
在越戰期間，“野鼬鼠”概念被用於偵測和摧毀SAM，
SAM會對我們飛機造成了巨大損害。
噴射機將有意地飛行進SAM的雷達區，以發現它們並揭露自己。
發生這種情況時，友軍飛機也可以看到SAM，並向其發射導彈。
基本上，一架飛機可以充當誘餌，而另一架可以射擊。🚀
surface-to-air missiles (SAMs)
Wild Weasel patch.
YGBSM stands for “you gotta be s******* me!?”
Since the missions are pretty dangerous.
野生的鼬鼠補丁。
YGBSM代表“你再跟我開玩笑嗎?！”
由於任務的高危險性。(Source)
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Aerial Reconnaissance 空中偵察
Reconnaissance is not the primary function of the F-16 but it can perform the mission.
This can include
Non-traditional intelligence
Surveillance
Reconnaissance
One tool the F-16 uses is a targeting pod.
This is like the eyes of the viper and has sensors such as lasers, electro/optics (camera or infrared), and radar.
偵察不是F-16的主要功能，但它可以執行空中偵察任務。
包括
非傳統情報
監視
偵察
F-16使用的一種工具是瞄準吊艙。
這就像毒蛇的眼睛，具有感應電/光學（相機或紅外線）和雷達之類的傳感器。
Sniper targeting pod on an F-16.
This can be used for reconnaissance.
F-16上的狙擊目標瞄準吊艙，可以用於偵察。(Source)
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ABC’s of F-16’s F-16的ABC型號
Block 70 F-16. The bumps on the sides are actually internal fuel tanks.
Block 70 F-16.。側面的凸起實際上是內部燃油箱。
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Q. So you might be wondering what’s the difference between an F-16A and an F-16B?
When the F-16 was first introduced, the A and B model were the only models.
The difference between an A and B is that the A is a single seat and the B is a two seat.
Typically most countries will only use the single seat for combat missions while the two seater is for training.
In addition to these models there are also *Block numbers with F-16’s.
*Block can be think of the generational upgrades. Like year of Honda civic 2005 vs Honda civic 2016. iPhone 6 vs. iPhone 6+
Bigger block number is usually more advanced but some block numbers have specific missions too.
Block numbers show what small variations were made to an aircraft.
Taiwan uses F-16A/B block 20’s.
The US normally uses block 30, 40 and 50/52 F-16C’s.
C is a single seat and D is two seats.
The difference between a block 50 and 52 is the type of engine it uses.
50 uses a General Electric engine while the 52 uses a Pratt and Whitney.
Q: Why have two engine manufacturers?
Because if one goes out of business there will still be a supplier for engines.
As I said before, Taiwan has block 20 F-16A’s but it is the first country to have their aircraft upgraded to F-16V.
Also Taiwan purchased new F-16 block 70/72 which are the latest blocks available.
The “V” is the new viper configuration and will serve as the new baseline for future F-16’s.
Many countries plan to upgrade their aging fleet to the new viper configuration which includes a new radar and other avionics to help keep it modern and able to work with 5th generation aircraft.
Q: 您可能想知道F-16A和F-16B有什麼區別？
首次引進F-16時，僅有A和B型號，生產於70年代末至80年代初。
A和B之間的區別在於A是一個座位，而B是兩個座位
通常大多數國家將單個座位用於戰鬥任務，兩個座位用於訓練。
除了這些型號外，還有帶有F-16的機體編號。*批次數字顯示飛機有哪些改動。
台灣使用批次F-16A / B 20，
美國通常使用30/40和50/52批次的F-16C。
C是一個座位，D是兩個座位。
*批次可以想成年代的升級版本，像是車子出產年份，像是CIvic 2015 vs. CIvic 2016概念, iPhone 6 vs. iPhone 6+.
批次越高通常越先進，但也有些批次編號顯示不同的任務。
而批次50和52之間的區別在於其使用的發動機類型。
50使用通用電氣發動機，而52使用普惠公司。
Q: 為什麼有兩家發動機製造商？
因為如果一家公司倒閉，還有另一家引擎供應商。
前面有提到，台灣已軍購了20架F-16A，除此之外它是第一個將飛機升級為F-16V的國家。
台灣也購買了新的F-16 批次70/72，這是最新的批次。
“ V”是新的Viper配置，並將用作未來F-16的新基準。
許多國家計劃將其老化的機隊升級到新的Viper配置，
其中包括新的雷達和其他航空電子設備，以使其保持現代化並能夠與第五代飛機一起使用。
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Viper Configuration 台灣的VIper型號有什麼不同於一般的F-16
The nose of the F-16 opens to reveal the new AESA radar. (Source)
F-16鼻翼端展示了升級版的AESA雷達
Taiwan has block 20 F-16A’s but it is the first country to have their aircraft upgraded to F-16.
Also Taiwan purchased new F-16 block 70/72 which are the latest blocks available.
The “V” is the new viper configuration and will serve as the new baseline for future F-16’s.
Many countries plan to upgrade their aging fleet to the new viper configuration which includes a new radar and other avionics to help keep it modern and able to work with 5th generation aircraft.
The new radar is an active electronic scan array that is an improvement over older radars.
Q. What is a radar?
A. The radar is one of the most important sensors on the F-16.
It is kind of like its eyes and can detect other aircraft in the sky and ground targets below.
Other countries that decide to upgrade their F-16’s into the viper configuration can choose from different upgrades too.
This is like when you decide to get a new car and pick what options are available.
Q. What is the difference between the name viper vs the viper configuration?
A. When the F-16 first released, pilots nicknamed it the viper.
Since then many have called it by that name.
The viper configuration is the new upgrade for F-16’s and is a tribute to the nickname.
台灣有批次20的F-16A, 但他是第一個國家將飛機升級至F-16
台灣也軍購了批次70/72是最新的
“V”是最新的viper型號，未來也將以此為日後的F-16的升級基準
許多國家預計升級他們老化的機型至最新的Viper配置，
其中包括新的雷達和其他航空電子設備，
確保可以使之現代化及匹配第五代的機型。
新雷達是現有電子設備去偵測，是一個對舊的雷的的進化
Q. 什麼是雷達呢？
A. 雷達本身是F-16裡最重要的感應器
像是F-16的眼睛去偵測到其他在天空或地面的目標物
其他國家可以決定升級其F-16到Viper的型號，也可以選擇其他升級的種類。
就像是你購買車你可以選擇裡面的配備，當然會有不同的價格。
Q. F-16本身叫做Viper，F-16V也叫做Viper, 兩者有何區別？
A. 在最剛開始F-16出現後，機師們給他取名為Viper
至此，很多人都稱他Viper
那Viper的型號是全新升級版的F-16，並向此暱稱致敬。
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AGCAS 自動地面碰撞避免系統
This illustration shows an aircraft using AGCAS to avoid a collision with terrain.
Source:https://www.aviationtoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/f35-agcas.jpg
One of the most interesting upgrades offered is called Auto Ground Collision Avoidance System (AGCAS).
This system uses advanced sensors to avoid crashing into the ground or any high terrain like mountains.
If a pilot loses their situational awareness or has passed out from high G forces,
the system will detect that if no action is taken to avoid colliding with the ground it will fly the airplane up into a safe area.
This is an amazing feature since there have been crashes that have have happened because the pilot was not in control of the aircraft.
最有趣的升級就是這個AGCAS了自動地面碰撞避免系統
這個軟體系統運用先進的感應器去感測避免衝撞地面或是高山的地形
假設一個機師在駕駛時失去當下情況意識抑或因為G力而昏厥過去
這個強而有力的系統在沒有得到操作指示而有所動作
就會偵測壁面碰撞到地面而自動駕駛飛機至安全區域
這是一項很棒的功能可以避免很多事故發生
目前F16/F15/F22都可以升級這個功能，
台灣的飛機目前沒有做這項升級。
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Thunder Birds 雷鳥隊
A demonstration team for air shows.
雷鳥隊是由許多架飛機在高空表演。
The Thunderbirds flying in close doing an incredible calypso pass!
雷鳥近距離飛行，做出令人經驗的倒影形式！
The F-16 was actually designed to be slightly unstable which allows it to be maneuverable which made it a natural choice for the US Air Force’s demonstration team.
The Thunderbirds are based in Nellis AFB, NV and use 6 F-16C and 2 F-16D’s.
You can find a lot of cool videos and pictures of the Thunderbirds by googling them.
F-16的設計實際上是稍微不穩定的，因此可以機動，這使其自然地成為美國空軍示範隊選擇。
雷鳥基地位於內華達州內利斯空軍基地，使用6架F-16C和2架F-16D。
您可以谷歌搜索找到很多很酷的雷鳥視頻和圖片。
Unfortunate Accident 事故
The Thunderbirds perform a lot of dangerous stunts and aerobatics (like airplane acrobatics) that many other aircraft cannot do.
Unfortunately accidents happen.
One accident I’d like to talk about happened in 2003 in Mountain Home AFB, ID.
While taking off the pilot began an S maneuver at the incorrect altitude.
This was because Mountain Home was located in an area that was higher than Nellis.
Without enough altitude, the maneuver was unsuccessful but the pilot was able to eject at the last second.
No deaths occured, and the pilot only had minor injuries. ✌🏼
雷鳥執行許多其他飛機無法做到的許多危險的特技表演和特技飛行（例如飛機雜技）。
不幸的是，我想談談的一次事故發生在2003年，
位於美國愛達荷州Mountain Home空軍基地起飛時，飛行員在不正確的高度上進行S的空中路線。
這是因為Mountain Home所在的地區比Nellis高。
沒有足夠的高度的下，是沒有可能成功，
幸運地是，飛行員能夠在最後一秒彈出機艙。
未造成死亡，飛行員僅輕傷。✌🏼
Thunder Birds ejection a second before the F-16 crashes.
F-16墜毀前一秒鐘，機師就從機艙中彈射了出來。(Source)
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Conclusion 結論
The F-16 has a rich history and we only scratched the surface.
The viper is a multi role aircraft capable of all types of missions from SEAD to aerial reconnaissance.
The many variants of vipers makes it capable even in today’s world with the viper configuration being the latest iteration which has new upgrades including a more capable AESA radar and AGCAS.
The F-16 is so maneuverable that the Air Force’s demonstration team chose it as their aircraft to showcase cool stunts!
We hope you got to learn something about this amazing aircraft.
It does a little bit of everything and has more life in it before it finally gets retired.
Thank you for taking the time to read this post, we hope to see you soon.
Happy landing! 😊
今天的重點回顧:
F-16有著悠久的歷史，我們只是從大方向學習。
Viper本身可以是多元的角色可以做出很多的任務，從SEAD到空中偵察
多元的Vper更是可以讓現今的Viper型號大放異彩，包容各項功能系統如AESA和AGCAS
F-16機動性很強，使空軍的表演團隊都會選它作為展示炫酷特技的飛機！
希望您能學到一些關於這架傑出飛機的知識。
它可以說是足以完成所有工作的一架飛機，並在最終退役之前具有更多色彩綻放。
很謝謝你今天能花這時間閱讀這篇文章，我們希望很快能再見到你。
一路順風！😊
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☝🏼Source
✌🏼Source
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